Nozzle Quality Assurance
Nozzle quality is assured by good process controls, nondestructive testing, destructive sample testing of components, and leak testing of the nozzle assembly. In addition, movable nozzles are vectored while pressurized. Nondestructive testing such as X-ray, alcohol wipe, ultrasonic, dye penetrant, and hardness testing generally is performed on all components. Reinforced-plastic composites usually are subjected to X-ray tangential and alcohol wipe no cracks are allowed, and delaminations and...
Appendix A Glossary
The nomenclature used in the preceding text basically is that presented in Solid Propulsion Nomenclature Guide ref. 135 . The guide should be reviewed for complete coverage of recommended solid propulsion symbols and subscripts only those used in this monograph are presented below. Symbol Definition Appears in A 1 empirical constant eq. 4 a blowing rate constant eq. 8 B empirical constant eq. 4 B' blowing rate parameter eq. 8 Cp del delivered thrust coefficient eq. 2 C f vac vacuum thrust...
Basic Nozzle Structure
The basic structure of both external and submerged nozzles fig. 1 is subjected to internal pressure loads and flight loads. The internal pressure load is divided into an axial ejection blowout load and an opposing axial thrust load the flight loads include aerodynamic loads, inertial loads, and vibration loads. In addition to these loads, the submerged structure of a submerged nozzle is subjected to chamber pressure loads. If the nozzle is used with an attached TVC system, the nozzle structure...
Nozzletochamber Attachment
Four methods for attaching the nozzle to the chamber are in common use for flightweight production design fig. 36 . A bolted joint is most common because it is positive and rigid, provides means for accurate thrust alignment, disassembles freely, and is not size limited. Entrance thermal liner and insulation carbon phenolic tape Entrance thermal liner and insulation carbon phenolic tape a Boot alone boot folds as nozzle pivots Attach insulation ____ silica phenolic tape a Boot alone boot folds...
Nozzle Configuration And Construction
Nozzle design is a dynamic, iterative process, as evidenced by the estimate of nozzle designers that they average three major iterations before release of a design. Interation occurs because of 1 interactions between nozzle and total propulsion systems and 2 interactions between the design and analysis tasks fig. 22 . The initial values of the design parameters e.g., throat area, expansion ratio for the design of the nozzle are based on estimates of the weight, peformance, envelope, and...
Blast Tube
In older, four-nozzle motor designs, the blast tube fig. 24 serves as a flow straightener to remove part of the asymmetry that results from flow being divided and turned from the center port into each of the nozzles. Blast tubes for four-port systems may vary significantly from the cylindrical shape, particularly in the inlet. The aerodynamic configuring of flow-straightening blast tubes has been accomplished by means of cold-flow studies and' empirical test firings refs. 18 and 19 . With the...
Movablenozzle Tvc System
Single-nozzle systems, in comparison with four-nozzle systems, significantly inc eu e the performance of a solid rocket motor and lower the costs. The losses from flow splitting and turning are eliminated, and the larger single throat is more efficient ref. 20 . Fof these reasons, new solid rocket motor designs in recent years have incorporated only singie-hozzle systems. The following discussion therefore excludes the movable-nozzle concepts peculiar to four-nozzle systems e.g., rotatable...
Throat Insert 1
The throat insert shall possess adequate structural and thermal-structural properties and an erosion rate consistent with the desired thrust-time trace. Polycrystalline graphite, pyrolytic graphite, and tungsten throat inserts should receive first consideration in smaller nozzles. Reinforced plastics, particularly graphite-cloth phenolic and carbon-cloth phenolic, have formed the throats of most nozzles with a throat diameter exceeding 10 in. and should receive first consideration for large...
Pu Ap Aerojet General Solid Propellent
The state of the art of solid rocket motor nozzle design is such that a successful design for a given set of requirements can, in general, be accomplished without first solving problems experimentally. Experimentation is necessary only when unusually severe requirements exceed the state of the art, when new materials must be proven, or when extremely tight flightweight margins of safety must be achieved. Figure 1 presents the two basic nozzle configurations and illustrates basic nozzle...
References
1. Desjardins, S. P. and Wilson, J. Evolution of Omniaxial Movable Nozzle Thrust Vector Control Systems U . Paper presented at 3d ICRPG AIAA Solid Propulsion Conference Atlantic City, NJ , June 4-6, 1968, CPIA Publ. 167, vol. I, April 1968, pp. 257-293. CONFIDENTIAL 2. Anon. Solid Rocket Motor Thrust Vector Control. NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria Monograph, NASA SP-8114, December 1974. 3. Anon. Final Test Results, First Stage MINUTEMAN Marquardt Corporation TVC Nozzle MA-103-XDA Using the...
Thermal Liner And Insulator
The thermal liner and insulator shall, within weight, cost, and envelope constraints, adequately control erosion and limit structural temperatures to acceptable levels. It is recommended that, for the initial design, erosion be estimated by scaling, material-by-material, from the most nearly similar tested nozzle use the method of Bartz sec. 2.2.2 , with an additional correction made for propellant corrosivity if the liner is carbonaceous. A margin of safety on erosion depth of not less than...
Blast Tube 1
The blast tube geometry shall minimize the nozzle envelope and shall be consistent with an acceptable flow environment for the nozzle splitline where applicable. For fixed nozzles, subsonic-splitline movable nozzles, and supersonic-splitline movable nozzles, the inside surface of the blast tube should generally be cylindrical in order to minimize weight and cost. For integral movable nozzles, the blast-tube diameter should be selected so that the one-dimensional Mach number at the nozzle...